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Hard, thick areas of skin are called corn. The bones that support your weight, such as your big toe, heel, ball, and side of your foot, are where corns on the bottom of your foot are most likely to be seen.
Typically, pressure or repeated contact on particular parts of your feet leads to corns and calluses.
• Inherent bone deformities like hammertoe or an underlying problem are the two main reasons for this friction.
• Inappropriate or ill-fitting footwear
Warts are caused by human papillomavirus infections.
Keratin, a hard protein, is overproduced in the top layer of skin (epidermis) as a result of the virus. An extra layer of keratin produces the rough, hard texture of a wart.
The growth of extra cells in the top layer of the skin causes skin tags. People who are overweight and therefore have folds of skin are more likely to develop these when their skin rubs against itself.
Those with type 2 diabetes and older people are more likely to develop them.
Normally, corns and calluses disappear when friction or pressure stops, although some calluses may require shaved tops to disappear. A moleskin pad positioned properly can relieve pressure on a corn. Over-the-counter salicylic-acid corn remedies are discouraged.
Do not apply corn “plasters” as they can burn the healthy tissue around the corn and lead to infections and ulcers (holes in the skin) in patients with diabetes, poor circulation, or numb feet.
If your wart is painful, or if it is in an area that causes discomfort or embarrassment, you might decide to treat it.
Treatment methods include:
• Salicylic acid
• Cryotherapy (freezing of skin cells)
• Chemical treatments
Your dermatologist can help you decide whether to remove a skin tag if it is bothering you or you don’t like its appearance.
The following methods can be used to remove skin tags:
• Liquid nitrogen freezing
• Using scissors or a scalpel to cut them off
• Using electrical energy to burn them (cauterizing)
Skin tags can bleed heavily or become infected if you try to remove them yourself.